Psychological Empowerment and Employee Engagement in School Teachers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.68490/ber.2023.3.559Keywords:
Psychological empowerment, Employee engagement, School teachers, Teacher engagement, Public and private schools, Gender differencesAbstract
The current study aimed to see the relationship between psychological empowerment and employees’ engagement in school teachers to enhance teaching quality and overall educational effectiveness. The study hypothesized that (a) there would be a positive relationship between psychological empowerment and employee engagement in public and private school teachers; (b)psychological empowerment would be a positive predictor of employee engagement in public and private school teachers;(c) there would be significant gender differences between psychological empowerment and employee engagement in public and private school teachers; and (d)there would be significant institutional differences in psychological empowerment and employee engagement in public and private school teachers. To test these hypotheses, a total of 100 school teachers, 50 men (n=25 from public school and n=25 from private school) and 50 women (n=25 from public school, n=25 from private school), were approached through a purposive sampling strategy. Psychological empowerment was measured using the Psychological Empowerment Scale (Spreitzer, 1995), and employee engagement was measured using the Work and Well-being Survey (UWES) (Schaufeli et al., 2002). The findings showed a positive relationship between psychological empowerment and employee engagement. Moreover, Simple linear regression showed that psychological empowerment significantly predicted employee engagement. This study will help educational experts devise strategies to enhance teachers' psychological empowerment and engagement.
References
Ahmed, N., & Malik, B. (2019). Impact of psychological empowerment on job performance of teachers: Mediating role of psychological well-being. Review of Economics and Development Studies, 5(3), 451-460. https://doi.org/ 10.26710/ reads.v5i3.693
Abbasi, M. U. R., Al-Azhari, Z. U., Bukhari, S. A. G., Awan, T. A., Akhtar, S., & Khokhar, M. F. (2021). Role of Higher Education Commission in promotion of Education in Global Perspective: Analytical Study of Higher Education System of Pakistan. Multicultural Education, 7(6). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo. 5008330
Agai–Demjaha, T., Bislimovska, J. K., & Mijakoski, D. (2015). Level of work related stress among teachers in elementary schools. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 3(3), 484.https://doi.org/10.3889%2Foamjms.2015.076
Armstrong, M., & Taylor, S. (2020). Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers.
Aslam, S. (2017). Psychological empowerment on creativity among employees of IT sector: The mediating role of creative process engagement and intrinsic motivation. Canadian Social Science, 13(6), 11-34. https://doi.org/10.3968/9556
Bilal, H., Shah, B., Yasir, M., & Mateen, A. (2015). Employee engagement and contextual performance of teaching faculty of private universities. Journal of Managerial Sciences 9(1),82-88. https://qurtuba.edu.pk/jms/default_files/JMS/ 9_1/JMS_January_June2015_81-88.pdf
Boudrias, J. S., Morin, A. J., & Lajoie, D. (2014). Directionality of the associations between psychological empowerment and behavioural involvement: A longitudinal autoregressive cross‐lagged analysis. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 87(3), 437-463. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12056
Burić, I., & Moe, A. (2020). What makes teachers enthusiastic: The interplay of positive affect, self-efficacy and job satisfaction. Teaching and Teacher Education, 89, 103008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2019.103008
Cavus, M. F., & Gokcen, A. (2015). Psychological capital: Definition, components and effects. Journal of Education, Society and Behavioural Science, 244-255. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJESBS/2015/12574
Deci, E. L., Olafsen, A. H., & Ryan, R. M. (2017). Self-determination theory in work organizations: The state of a science. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4, 19-43. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/ 10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113108
Durrah, O., Khdour, N., Al-Abbadi, S., &Saif, N. (2014). The impact of psychological empowerment on the effectiveness of job performance: A field study on the jordanian private banks. European Journal of Business and Management, 6(32), 176-188.
Hamid, S. F., Nordin, N., Adnan, A. A., & Sirun, N. (2013). A study on primary school teachers’ organizational commitment and psychological empowerment in the district of klang. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 90, 782-787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.07.152
Javed, B., Khan, A. A., Bashir, S., & Arjoon, S. (2017). Impact of ethical leadership on creativity: The role of psychological empowerment. Current Issues in Tourism, 20(8), 839-851. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2016.1188894
Jordan, G; Miglič, G; Todorović, I; &Marič, M. (2017). Psychological empowerment, job satisfaction and organizational commitment among lecturers in higher education: comparison of six cee countries. Journal of Management, Information Systems and Human Resource, 50(4), 17-32. https://doi.org/10.1515/orga-2017-0004
Kahn, W.A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692-724. https://doi.org/10.2307/25628
Khany, R; & Tazi, K. (2016). On the relationship between psychological empowerment, trust, and irampanel teachers’ job satisfaction: The case of secondary school teachers. Journal of Career Assessment, 24(1), 112-129. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/1069072714565362
Kilonzo, T. M., Were, S., & Odhiambo, R. (2018). Influence of employee engagement on the performance of teachers in secondary schools in Machakos County in Kenya. International Journal of Novel Research in Humanity and Social Sciences, 5(1), 52-71.
Kim, M., Beehr, T. A., & Prewett, M. S. (2018). Employee responses to empowering leadership: A meta-analysis. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 25(3), 257-276. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051817750538
Kosar, R., & Naqvi, S. M. M. R. (2016). Psychological empowerment and employee behaviors employee engagement as mediator and leader-member exchange as moderator. Journal of International Business Research and Marketing, 1(6), 485. https://doi.org/10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.16.3004
Kõiv, K., Liik, K., & Heidmets, M. (2019). School leadership, teacher’s psychological empowerment and work-related outcomes. International Journal of Educational Management, 33(7), 1501-1514. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijem-08-2018-0232
Llorente-Alonso, M., García-Ael, C., &Topa, G. (2023). A meta-analysis of psychological empowerment: Antecedents, organizational outcomes, and moderating variables. Current Psychology, 1-26.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144- 023-04369-8
Nawrin, R. (2016). Impact of psychological empowerment on employees’ work and organization engagement: A study in the manufacturing sectors, Bangladesh. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 7(5), 389. https://doi.org/10.5901/ mjss. 2016.v7n5p389
Schaufeli, W. B; Salanova, M; Gonzáles-Romá, V; & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71–92. https://doi.org/10.1023/ A:1015630930326
Shuck, B., & Reio Jr, T. G. (2013). Employee engagement and well-being: A moderation model and implications for practice. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 21(1), 43-58. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051813494240
Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1442- 1465. https://doi.org/10.5465/256865
Spreitzer, G. M. (2008). Taking stock: A review of more than twenty years of research on empowerment at work. Handbook of Organizational Behavior, 1, 54-72.
Sudibjo, N., & Sutarji, T. (2020). The roles of job satisfaction, well-being, and emotional intelligence in enhancing the teachers' employee engagements. Management Science Letters, 10(11), 2477-2482.https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.4.002
Sultana, A., &Kazimi, A. B. (2021). Comparison of public and private secondary school teachers’ perceptions about creativity as a cultivated skill in the class room practices. Pakistan Journal of Educational Research, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.52337/pjer.v4i3.267
Tsang, K. K., Du, Y., & Teng, Y. (2022). Transformational leadership, teacher burnout, and psychological empowerment: A mediation analysis. Social Behavior and Personality: An international journal, 50(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.2224/ sbp.11041
Ugwu, F. O., Onyishi, I. E., & Rodríguez-Sánchez, A. M. (2014). Linking organizational trust with employee engagement: The role of psychological empowerment. Personnel Review. http://doi.org/10.1108/PR-11-2012-0198
Wang, J. L; & Zhan, D. J. (2012). An Exploratory Investigation on Psychological Empowerment Among Chinese Teachers. Advances in Psychology Study, 1(3), 13-21.
Yao, J., You, Y., & Zhu, J. (2020). Principal–teacher management communication and teachers’ job performance: the mediating role of psychological empowerment and affective commitment. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 29, 365-375. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-019-00490-0
Yin, N. (2018). The influencing outcomes of job engagement: An interpretation from the social exchange theory. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-03-2017-0054.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Bulletin of Education and Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
